With the successful mission of the Nuri, South Korea has secured its own space launch vehicle technology, giving it the ability to conduct satellite launches and space exploration on its own without external dependence. This achievement is considered to be a major turning point in the history of domestic space development in that it laid the foundation for self-reliance in domestic launch vehicle technology and the creation of a domestic civil launch vehicle industry ecosystem, and also served as a stepping stone for Korea to be recognized as an important partner in the global space industry and play a leading role in international cooperation projects. However, there are clear limitations in that these achievements have not led to economic and social values. Key challenges remain such as lack of market competitiveness, project design limited to the development life cycle, absence of a system integration company with overall system capabilities, and lack of flexibility in response to changes in the external environment. Therefore, in this study, we analyze the achievements and limitation of the Nuri program and share lessons learned to improve the chances of mission success in future space development, national defense, and large-scale R&D projects.